What Element is Hydrogen

Introduction to what element is hydrogen

Hydrogen is he first element in the periodic table. It is estimated that hydrogen accounts for 15.4 % of all atoms int he earth's crust. On this basis, hydrogen is the second most abundant element, after oxygen. There are more compounds of hydrogen than any other element . Hydrogen assumes several forms its occurrence and plays different roles indifferent compounds.. Hydrogen occupies a unique position in the periodic table i.e., both in Group I and group VII (or 17th group), are independently at the head of the table.

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Position of Hydrogen in Periodic Table


 Hydrogen has the simplest atomic structure of all the elements . It has one proton in th nucleus and only one electron which is present in 1s orbital. With this configuration, it has to be placed in the 1st  period in group I along with the alkali metals in the s - block of the periodic table. Hydrogen resembles the alkali metals in its ability to form hydrated unipositive ion, H+(aq) . But the similarity ends here. Because of its high ionization enthalpy (1312 kj mol-1 ), hydrogen does not easily give up its lone electron. On the other hand, alkali metals with low ionization energies do readily form M+(g)  ions. They form M+(aq)  ions as well. Therefore, they preferably form ionic bonds. Hydrogen has a great tendency to pair up its electron and form covalent bonds. EX : HCL;  H2O .

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Occurrence , Isotopes of hydrogen


 Hydrogen is the most abundant (92%) element int he universe. It accounts for 15.4% of all atoms in earth's crust. On this count it is second largest available element on earth's crust. The planets, Jupiter, Saturn, the Sun and the stars mostly contain hydrogen. Quantitatively it is the ninth element in order of abundance in the earth's crust.

Hydrogen occurs mostly in combined state as water in the oceans in vast quantities It also occurs in coal, per=petroleum, clay and in all animal and vegetable matter. However, does not occur in the form of free element in nature except in volcanic gases.

Isotopes of hydrogen :  Atoms of the same element having different mass numbers are termed as isotopes. The isotopes of an element have the same atomic number and hence, they have the same number of protons in the nucleus but differ in the number of neutrons present. Three isotopes of hydrogen are presently known. They are ordinary molecular hydrogen Protium ( 1H1 ), Deuterium (1H2 or 1D2 ) and tritium (1H3 or 1T3 ). The nuclei of these three isotopes contain 0, 1, 2 neutrons respectively. Tritium, of these three is radioactive. The isotopes of an element have the same electronic configuration and hence possess the same chemical properties. Because of the difference in their masses (widely different from the masses of other nuclides) the isotopes show much difference in their physical properties.